Development of the entry of Alexander the Great to Egypt,i332BC, the end of Pharaonic eras; to begin the era of the Greek Empire -Romanian.
After the death of Alexander in 320 BC, he founded the Ptolemy I, the Ptolemaic era (the reign of Ptolemy) in Egypt.
The Greeks and the rule of Egypt over two hundred and ninety years followi;
And they have taken from Alexandria as its capital, which becamethe cultural center And economic development of the ancient world.
The Greeks were interested in building temples, such as the temple which is located in City's past and had been found in the city of Fayoum papyri of theera Greek.
The following are some of the most important areas and locations of Greek antiquities ROMANIAN across Egypt:
Romanian Greek monuments in Cairo
Roman rule of Egypt Alexandria, therefore, did not leave in Cairo, only a few of the most important monuments and fortress of Babylon
This fortress built to protect the Romanian military to be the first line of defense for Egypt's eastern gate, and was chosen this sitebecause it mediates between Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, making it easier for the Romans to control any uprisings againsttheir rule in the north Owaljnob.
Roman fort known as "Palace of Wax"or "Fortress of Babylon" and an area of about half a square kilometer and is located inside the Coptic Museum and six churches and Coptic monastery.
Romanian Greek monuments in Alexandria
Alexandria has the largest collection of the remaining vestiges ofGreco - Roman in Egypt, and this is natural in view of it was the capital of Egypt during that era, and most important of these effects:Column mast
Is the last remaining relics of the temple Alserabayoum Bustumus established due date of this column to the third century AD
This effect is important in the "com bench" has been set up this building in the beginning of the fourth century AD.
Description of the building
Building included in the form of (horseshoe) or letter u has beendubbed (Theatre).
Consists of (Roman Amphitheater), from 13 a row of terracesMarble numbered letters and numbers Greek to organize a sit down first is from the bottom of the pink granite, consisting ofAlahjaramutainp, and therefore used by Engineer as the basis for the rest of the stands and there is the top of this stands fivecompartments were used for the process of sleep not left them onlyshrines.
The roof of these booths with domes based on a set of columns,based on the terraces on the thick wall of limestone surrounded byanother wall has been associated with a group of walls between the arches and vaults, where the wall is a strong pillar of the outerwall of procedure.
Located in the middle of the runway area (orchestra), which wasused as a place to play music and then corroborated by two pillarsRkhamytan two halls of the mosaic with geometric motifs in theportal, which lies to the west.
Romanian Greek monuments in Aswan
There are several places in Aswan and the temples of archaeological dating to the Greco-Roman era, including:
"Temple of Philae. " Temple, "Dandara". Temple "Kalapshp. "
Temple of the "Philae":
Temple of the "Philae":
The Ptolemies and the Romans built the temple for the worship of the goddess "Isis" The temple consists of:
Hall "Nectanebo":
Older parts of the "Philae". And passes northbound courtyard outside the temple, which is bounded on both sides of the rows of columns, even up to the entrance of the temple, "Isis," where there are towers, the first edifice.
In the central courtyard of the Temple "Isis" no "Almamesy" or "home birth", which is dedicated to the god "Horus", and was conducted old ritual "Almamesy" to mark the birth of the god, the Kings had been keen to participate in this ritual emphasis on belonging to a strain of the god "Horus ".
And leads the second edifice of the temple to the vestibule and the inner sanctum of the sacred "of Isis." And there is peace aspect Bank climb to the rooms, "Osiris," which rooms are decorated with scenes of Nadben, and inscriptions to "Isis" and her husband and son and the other gods, with - as usual - inscriptions of the kings of the Ptolemies and Romans, who built or contributed to the building and decorating the temple.
And on the northern side of the island "Ogelka" There is temple "Aozhustos" The Gate "Diocletian" There is also the eastern edifice, the Second Temple "of Hathor," decorated with carvings of musicians, and the south of that the visitor finds booth "Trajan" and inscriptions completed this kiosk depicting Emperor "Trajan", which provides advances " of Isis "and" Osiris "and" Horus ".
He has the UNESCO rescue operation was the dismantling of temple complex, "Isis," the huge island of "Philae" (Temple of the "Philae"), and transferred and rebuilt on the island of vanilla nearby called the island "Ogelka" has been prepared so as to be similar to the island of "Isis" Holy (Island "Philae ") as possible.
Temple "Kalapshp"
Built the temple, "Kalapshp" in the reign of Emperor "Aozhustos"in the period between 30 BC and 14 AD, and mainly devoted to thegod of Nubian "Mandolees. " But were conducted in the sametemple worship the goddess "Isis" and her husband, the god"Osiris"; also used the temple as a church in the Christian era. Thecorridor extends stone wonderful view of the lake until the first edifice of the temple "Kalapshp. "
The following is the first edifice courtyard by the columns, and apillared hall, which has 12 columns. And wall reliefs depictingemperors and kings of the different jumping fun with the gods! Afterthe hall there are 3 rooms and climb the ladder from one of theserooms to the surface. There is an internal passage between the temple and the wall that surrounds it, and this passage leads to themeasure of the Nile is still in good condition.
Romanian Greek monuments in Fayoum
Here are several places Fayoum region reflect the ancient civilization
Romanian Greek which include:
Temple Palace Karun (Deonceas)
Located on the southwestern tip of Lake Karun, 50 km from the Fayoum city and the temple still retains all the details and the general form The entrance is decorated with a sun disk as a prominent adorn the entrances fees, and Deonceas City was founded in the third century, and flourished in the era Roman, and the region remains of a fortress Dqlattiyan.
Om Albraijat (Tbtonis)
Located 30 km south west of Fayoum near the village of bravePalace was on the beach of Lake Morris, Ancient (Korah) was theTemple family 12 days and flourished in Alasraleonany include the effects of the temple and the city of Umm Albraijat Romanian.
Cayman Faris (Orsenauy)
It is out of ancient city of Fayoum, was founded in the era of the Fifth Dynasty and flourished in the era of the family of 12, established byKing Amenemhat the Third Temple of God, cast and the name(Tacedt) and named (Krikodblos) in the Ptolemaic period and thencalled (Orsenauy) in honor of his wife and located District University, Fayoum.
Batn IhritAre the ruins of a village north-west of Fayoum was established in the Ptolemaic period was found on the inscriptions and papyri
Karanis City
Located on the Cairo-Fayoum desert at a distance of 33 kilometersfrom the Fayoum, 109 kilometers from
Cairo, the city dates back to the third century BC. m and includes the remains of two templeswere dedicated to the worship of the god Sobek (crocodile) god of the region, also includes a Roman bath and a group of houses, and there Graves on the opposite side of the city.
Umm Aqool
It represents the ruins of the city (Bakkhias) Romanian old and was a center for inspiration, and the temple building brick and a group of houses, located just 8 km east of the city of Karanis.Romanian Greek monuments in Sinai
Sinai region is replete with many of the Romanian Greek antiquitiesin several places:
Romanian Greek antiquities in the northern Sinai tal Farma
Area Alkhuynat areas and Filossiat
Alkhuynat areas and includes the effects of group and adjacent buildings were found on a number of gravestones with inscriptions in ancient Greek and in the form of a human being.
The Filossiat would include the group of churches dates back to the fifth century AD .. Geographers has been mentioned by the Romans on behalf of Astrasceni.
It occupies Filossiat (tal Alwlosip) an important strategic position ..Where was the meeting place for the beach and the road linking Bafarama war .. Was left out of the forts but the remnants of Fort Emperor Justinian, which was held in the sixth century AD to the east for fear of the Persians. . The Bedouins called the current name for the large number found on the Roman coins.
Is the ancient site on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea north of Lake Bardawil has been mentioned by Ptolemy under the name of Caziom. . Were found on a number of stone inscriptions and Greek archaeological evidence of the buildings from the Roman era.
Qatip village is located at the northern Sinai and the spread on its surface the remains of ancient buildings of the Islamic and Greek eras - Roman, Qatip town known for many palm trees in the writings of Muslim travelers a lot .. And the water well repaired Ibrahim Pasha, son of Muhammad Ali the ruler of Egypt at the beginning of the nineteenth century .. Then repaired the Khedive Abbas when he visited the pole and includes the effects of Qatip mosque of the Ottoman era and the industrial and market town.
Located northeast of the village of Rumana on the road to - El Arish, the remnants of ancient buildings dating back to the Greco-Roman period, where he was named in that era and drag the large fortress of that era is located on a high hill close to the beach. It is a fortress walls of limestone towers are marine and rectangular and square and some houses of mud brick. One of the most important archaeological sites area shore of Lake Bardawil.
Valley Grndl
This area lies on the road to Suez - the main stage .. And found the traces of the Roman era buildings of brick, and furnaces, warehouses and a large number of pieces of pottery and bronze coins and glass pieces. And the region by the well of the Roman era
Romanian Greek monuments in Almenia
Greek monuments - in the Romanian city of Minya
Rich city of Minya in many of the pharaohs, including:Hermopolis City
This was the last city in the center of worship of the god "Tut " or"Thoth,"the god of wisdom with the ancient Egyptians. The "Thoth"is also a god and the god of the moon, which measures the time,as well as being the Lord of magic and wisdom. They wereportrayed as a man with a "Ibis" (ibis), or in the form of "Ibis", or in the form of a monkey, "Baboon" with a dog. His wife is the goddess "Ma'at the goddess of truth, justice and the daughter of"Ra ", and they portray in the form of a woman and ostrich featherson her head.
The name of the old Pharaonic this city is "Khmuno, " The label"Hermopolis" was launched by the Greeks of the city where theyhave linked the "Thoth" and their God "Hermes", the name "Hermopolis" is derived from "Hermes" and means "city ofHermes.
Cemetery "Betoshres"
This cemetery is due to the Ptolemaic era, a cemetery and a chapel(or a small temple) at the same time. Was "Betoshres" high priest of the god "Thoth. " And the cemetery that bears his name by thevestibule of her columns, and contains pictures of the two culturesmixed with ancient Egyptian, Greek, where we see scenes ofagricultural work is painted on the traditional Egyptian way, butpeople who show these scenes dressed in Greek.
Two areas "tuna Mountain " and "Beni Hasan"
Located "Tuna Mountain" at 7 km west of "Hermopolis", and there are graves monkeys "baboon"(and also birds, "Aliibis" and eggs) is a sacred animal of the god "Thoth. " And most of the mummification of the animals and birds were in the era of the Ptolemies and the Roman era. The "Tuna Mountain" in the past the city limit"Okhittatin" (was "Okhittatin" the capital of the country for a short period in the era of "Akhenaton"), as it was also (ie "Tuna of the mountain") cemetery of the city "Hermopolis" neighbors.